MP CPCT Notes Part 8 Operating Systems, Types of Operating System , Examples of Operating System

MP CPCT Notes Part 8 Operating Systems, Types of Operating System , Examples of Operating System

Operating Systems OS -

An operating system is a program which acts as an interface between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of and operating system is to provide and environment in which a user may execute programs. This primary goal of an operating system is thus to make the computer system convenient to use. Os is the most important programs that run of a computer, Operating systems performs basic tasks such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the monitor, keeping track of files and directories on the disk and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. Example of popular microcomputers OS are Windows , DOS, Linux and Mac OS for Apple computers.

Types of Operating System-

Below is a basic list of the different types of operating systems and a few examples of operating systems that fall into each of the categories. Many computer operating systems will fall into more than one of the below categories.

Type of Operating System (On the basis of their mechanism) -

Real Time Operating System - The operating system which is capable of processing data so quickly that the results are instantly available are called as Real Time Operating Systems.
Multi-Access Operating System - It allows two or more users to run programs at the computer;s resources simultaneously.
Multiprocessing Operating System - It is an operating system when two or more processors are present in a computer system sharing some or all of the memory.
Multitasking Operating System - It allows more than one program to run concurrently. An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the same time.
Time Sharing Operating System - Processor time is divided into small units called time-slices and is shared in turn between users to provide multi access.
Multi-Programming Operating System -More than one program resides in main storage and is being processed apparently at the same time.
Batch Processing Operating System - The job is not processed till there is full input. The jobs are entered and stored on a disk in a batch queue and then they run together under the control of operating system.
Single Tasking Operating System - This operating system is designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time.
Single-user, multi-tasking- This is the type of operating system most people use on their desktop and laptop computer's today.

GUI Operating System -

GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. A GUI operating system contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse. Below ae some examples of GUI Operating Systems.

Microsoft Windows
Mac OS

Multi-user Operating System -

A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the same time and/or different times. Below are some examples of multi-user operating systems.

Unix
Virtual Memory System.

Multiprocessing Operating System

An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer processor. Below are some examples of multiprocessing operating systems.

Unix
Os/2

Multitasking Operating System

An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the same time. Below are some examples of multitasking operating systems.

Linux
Microsoft Windows

Multithreading Operating System

Multi-threading operating systems are operating systems are operating systems that allow different parts of a single software program to run concurrently. Multi threading is the ability of an OS to execute different parts of a program, called threads, simultaneously. Operating systems that would fall into this category are:

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

Most Popular Operating System -

MS-DOS -

DOS stands for Disk Operating System. It was the oldest and main operating system of microsoft installed in computers. It was simple and non-graphical and command line operating system.

Windows Operating System -

Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM-compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market.

Following is a list of windows operating systems from beginning.

MS-DOS – Microsoft Disk Operating System (1981)
Windows 1.0 – 2.0 (1985-1992)
Windows 3.0 – 3.1 (1990-1994)
Windows 95 (August 1995)
Windows NT 3.1 – 4.0 (1993 – 1996)
Windows 98 (June 1998)
Windows ME – Millennium Edition (September 2000)
Windows 2000 (February 2000)
Windows XP (October 2001)
Windows Vista (November 2006)
Windows 7 (most user friendly till now) (October, 2009)
Windows 8
Windows 10 - till now.

Macintosh Operating Systems -

Mac OS is the computer operating system for Apple Computer's Macintosh line of personal computers and workstations. A popular feature of its latest version, Mac OS X , is a desktop interface with some 3-D appearance characteristics. It runs UNIX applications as well as older Mac applications.

Unix Operating System -

Unix is a computer operating system originally developed by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs. Today the term unix is used to describe any operating systems that conforms to unix standards.Unix operating system are widely used in both servers and workstations.

Linux Operating System -

Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the GNU software packages and the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution.

Most popular linux o.s are following -

Zorin OS.
Elementary OS.
Gentoo Linux.
Manjaro Linux.
OpenSUSE.
Ubuntu.
Debian.
Linux Mint.

Android Operating System-

Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

Version of Android Operating System are following -

1. Android Cupcake

2. Android Donut

3.Android Eclair

4. Android Froyo

5. Android Gingerbread

6.Honeycomb

7. Android Ice Cream Sandwich

8. Android Jelly Bean

9. Android KitKat

10. Android Lollipop

11. Android Marshmallow