Generation Of Computer, Features Of Computer Generation

 Generation Of Computer -

Like you and I, computer's too have their generations. These generations are categorized on the basis of their hardware's. At present computer's have five generations. The names and features of these generations are described below -

 

1.First Generation. (1942-1955)

2.Second Generation.(1955-1964)

3.Third Generation.(1964-1975)

4.Fourth Generation.(1975-1989)

5.Fifth Generation . (1989- till now)


First Generation (1942-1955) -

 These computer were the computer' which used vacuum tube to store instructions and works electronically. These are first fully electronic computer's . These generation computer's have so many vacuum tubes , that heat ups the surrounding , due to which air conditioners are used to cool down the surrounding. They are big in size also, due to which they are very expensive. Because of these factors they are not considered as great computers.

vacuum tubes used in first generation. 


Examples of First Generation Computer are  - 

Univac, Eniac and Mark 1

Features of First Generation Computer's

  • These generation computer uses vacuum tubes in circuits.
  • These computer are very big in size.
  • These computer's used magnetic drum and punch card as primary internal storage medium.
  • They have low main storage capacity.
  • Speed of first generation computer is very slow.
  • For programming low level/machine language was used. 
  • They were used in scientific research centre's and defence organizations mainly.
  • Due to vacuum tubes, these computer heat's so much .

 Applications used in first generation computers -

1.Record maintaining applications.

2.Payroll processing

Second Generation (1955-1964) -

In second generation computer's , there was a major change seen in the size of computer because vacuum tube of first generation is replaced by transistors. Magnetic tape and magnetic disk were used as internal storage. This computer were cheaper in price as compared to first generation computer.

transistors used in second generation computers.


Examples -

 IBM 1401, Honeywell 200 & CDC1604.

Features of Second Generation Computer's

  • Vacuum tube is replaced by transistor.
  • Size of these computer are small as compared to first generation computers.
  • These computer's used magnetic disk as primary internal storage medium.
  • They have more storage capacity as compared to first generations computer.
  • Speed is faster as compared to first generation computer.
  • High level languages,  COBOL & FORTRAN were used.

 

 Applications used in Second generation computers -

1.Payroll Accounting Applications.

2.Billing Applications. 

 

Third Generation (1964-1975) -

 After the second generation computer were evolved so fast that in the third generation , size of computer were reduced. This computer became more reliable and fast. And the cost of computers in this generation was also reduced.

In third generation computer , integrated circuit (IC) replaced the transistor. Large number of integrated circuit were kept on a single silicon chip. This is known as Large Scale Integration.

In this generation, keyboard , monitor and operating system were used to run many applications at the same time.

Examples -

 IBM System/360, NCR 395, Burroughs B6500.

Features Of Third Generation Computer's

  • There was a use of integrated circuits.
  • They are smaller in size.
  • Speed of computer was increased .
  • Operating system was introduced in this generation computer.
  • Magnetic core is used for storage.
  • Increased speed and better performance was the key feature of third generation computer.
  • Multitasking computers can be done in this generation computers.

Integrated Circuit.


 Applications used in Third generation computers -

Reservation System of Airlines.

Credit Card Billing System

Market Forecasting Software.

 

Fourth Generation (1975-1989) -

 Fourth Generation computer continued to be chracterized by chips that contain increasing numbers of integrated circuits, referred as ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration), resulted in increase speed, greater reliability, and decent storage capacity for current computers.

 By using LSI technology, microprocessor was produced. his microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integration circuits were built onto  single silicon chip. Computer of the first generation that filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand.

VLSI


Examples -

 IBM PC-XT (microcomputer), Apple II, Honeywell 6080 series.

Features Of Fourth Generation Computer's

  • UlSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration)  microprocessor was used in this generation in the place of VLSI.
  • Storage capacity and Speed was increased.
  • They provide greater input /output devices.
  • Microcomputers and microprocessor were introduced in these generation.

 

 Applications used in Fourth generation computers -

Electronic Fund Transfer, computer-aided instructions, home computers, and mathematical modeling and simulation.

Fifth Generation (1989- till now) - 

 Fifth generation computer, also known as the cloud computing era, is a new era of computing in which computing is delivered as a service over the Internet. Fifth generation computer systems are characterized by their ability to dynamically reconfigure their processing resources as needed to meet the demands of a given task, rather than being pre-determined configurations. This reconfiguration flexibility is enabled by the use of general-purpose processors that are interconnected via high-speed networks.

 

Features Of Fifth Generation Computer's

 Fifth generation computer systems are expected to have many features that will make them more efficient and powerful. Some of the features that are expected to be in these systems include:


- Improved Performance: Fifth generation computer systems are expected to have improved performance when compared to previous generations. This is due to the fact that these systems will use more efficient and powerful hardware and software.


- Increased Speed: Fifth generation computer systems are also expected to have increased speeds. This is due to the fact that these systems will use faster processors and more memory.


- Improved Storage: Fifth generation computer systems are also expected to have improved storage. 


Thanks for reading, Have a good day !

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Rahul Yadav

Rahul Yadav

Hi, I am Rahul, I am the founder and the main instructor here at intellectualindianss. I try my best to Create and Publish the best quality tutorials and content related to Technology, Lifestyle, Fitness, etc.

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